Vision problems
Learn more about the most common vision problems
Many things can negatively affect our vision throughout life.
Some problems are congenital, we were born with them , others we acquired due to bad habits and others due to age.
Vision Diseases
Now let's know a little more about them, their names, characteristics, how to avoid them and possible corrections.
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ECTHROPIO
The ectropion is the state of the lower eyelid turns outward. It occurs in newborns who exhibit congenital Harlequin ichthyosis, but ectropion can occur due to any weakening of the lower eyelid tissue. The problem can be repaired surgically. Ectropion is also found in dogs as a genetic disorder in certain breeds.
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LAGOFTALMO
Lagophthalmos is the inability to close the eyelids completely. Blinking covers the eye with a thin layer of tear fluid, thus promoting a moist environment necessary for the cells on the outside of the eye. Tears also expel foreign bodies and take them away. This is crucial for maintaining lubrication and good eye health. If this process is impaired, as in lagophthalmos, the eye can suffer abrasions and infections. Lagopthalmos leads to corneal drying and ulceration.
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BLEFAROCALASE
Blepharocalase is an inflammation of the eyelid that is characterized by exacerbations and remissions of eyelid edema, which results in a lengthening and subsequent atrophy of the eyelid tissue, leading to the formation of redundant folds on the edges of the eyelid. It usually affects only the upper eyelids and can be unilateral and bilateral.
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PTOSE
Ptosis is the fall of the upper eyelid. The fall can be worse after staying awake for longer when the person's muscles are tired. This problem can also be called a "lazy eye", but this term usually refers to the amblyopia condition. If it is severe and left untreated, the drooping eyelid can cause other problems, such as amblyopia or astigmatism. That is why it is especially important that this disorder is treated in young children before it interferes with the development of vision.
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HORDÉOLO
Hordeolus is a bacterial infection of an oil gland in the eyelid. This results in a red spine at the edge of the eyelid. The outside or inside of the eyelid can be affected.
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XANTHELASMA
Xanthelasma is a yellowish deposit of noticeable cholesterol under the skin. It usually occurs on the eyelids or around the eyelids (xanthelasma palpebrarum, abbreviated as XP). Although they are not harmful to the skin or painful, these small growths can be unpleasant and can be removed.
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DACRIOADENITE
Dacrioadenitis is an inflammation of the tear glands. The most common symptoms are swelling of the outer portion of the upper eyelid, with possible redness and tenderness, pain in the swelling area, excess tears and swelling of the lymph nodes in front of the ear.
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EPIFORA
Epipora is an excess of tears on the face. A sign of insufficient drainage of the tear film from the eyes, in which tears will flow down the face and not through the nasolacrimal system.
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CONJUNCTIVITIS
Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the outermost layer of the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelid. Makes the eye look pink or red. Pain, burning, itching or itching can occur. The affected eye may have increased tears or be "stuck" in the morning. Swelling of the white part of the eye can also occur. Itching is more common in cases due to allergies. Conjunctivitis can affect one or both eyes.
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KERATITIS
Keratitis is a disease in which the cornea of the eye, the clear dome on the front surface of the eye, becomes inflamed. The disease is often marked by moderate to severe pain and among other symptoms: pain, impaired vision, photophobia (sensitivity to light), red eyes and a feeling of 'sandiness'.
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CORNEA ULCER
Corneal ulcer is an inflammatory disease. It is a common disease in humans, particularly in the tropics and in agrarian societies. In developing countries, children affected by vitamin A deficiency are at high risk for corneal ulcers and may be blind in both eyes, which can persist for a lifetime. In ophthalmology, a corneal ulcer usually refers to having an infectious cause.
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PHOTQUERATITIS or ULTRAVIOLET KERATITIS
Photkeratitis or ultraviolet keratitis is a pain caused by exposure of eyes that are insufficiently protected to ultraviolet (UV) rays from natural sources (for example, intense sunlight) or artificial sources (for example, electric arc during welding). Photokeratitis is similar to a sunburn of the cornea and conjunctiva, and is usually not noticed until several hours after exposure. Symptoms include increased tears and a sensation of pain compared to sand in the eyes.
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THYGESON SURFACE POINTED KERATITIS
Superficial Punctate Keratitis Thygeson is an eye disease whose causes are not currently known, but the details of the disease were first published in the Journal of American Medical Association in 1950 by the renowned American ophthalmologist, Phillips Thygeson (1903-2002) - after the which is named.
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CORNEA NEOVASCULARIZATION
Corneal neovascularization (NVC) is the growth of new blood vessels from the pericorneal plexus to the corneal avascular tissue as a result of oxygen deprivation. Maintaining corneal stroma avascularity is an important aspect of corneal pathophysiology, as it is necessary for corneal transparency and optimal vision. A decrease in corneal transparency causes deterioration of visual acuity. Corneal tissue is avascular in nature and the presence of vascularization, which can be deep or superficial, is always pathologically related.
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FUCHS DISTROPHY
Fuchs dystrophy, also known as Fuchs corneal endothelial dystrophy (FCED) and Fuchs endothelial dystrophy (FED), is a corneal dystrophy that progresses slowly and affects both eyes, being slightly more common in women than in men. Although the early signs of Fuchs' dystrophy are sometimes seen in people in their 30s and 40s, the disease rarely affects vision until people reach their 50s and 60s.
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KERATOCONE
Keratoconus (KC) is a disease of the eye that results in progressive thinning of the cornea. This can result in blurred vision, double vision, myopia, astigmatism and sensitivity to light. Usually, both eyes are affected. In more severe cases, a scar or a circle can be seen inside the cornea.
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DRY EYE SYNDROME
Dry eye syndrome, also known as dry keratoconjunctivitis, is the condition of having dry eyes. Other associated symptoms include irritation, redness, discharge and easily tired eyes. Blurry vision can also occur. Symptoms can range from mild and occasional to severe and continuous. Corneal scarring can occur in some cases without treatment.
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UVEITE
Uveitis is inflammation of the uvea, the pigmented layer that lies between the inner retina and the outer fibrous layer made up of the sclera and the cornea. The uvea consists of the middle layer of the pigmented vascular structures of the eye and includes the iris, the ciliary body and the choroid. Uveitis is an ophthalmic emergency and requires a thorough examination by an optometrist or ophthalmologist and urgent treatment to control inflammation. It is often associated with other eye problems.
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CATARACT
A cataract is a clouding of the lens in the eye, which leads to decreased vision. Cataracts usually develop slowly and can affect one or both eyes. Symptoms may include faded colors, blurred or double vision, halos around the light, problems with bright lights and problems with seeing at night. This can result in problems when driving, reading or recognizing faces. Poor vision caused by cataracts can also result in an increased risk of falling and depression. Cataracts cause half of all cases of blindness and 33% of visual impairment worldwide.
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CHORIORETTE
Chororetinitis is an inflammation of the choroid (thin pigmented vascular layer of the eye) and the retina of the eye. It is a form of posterior uveitis. If only the choroid is inflamed, not the retina, the condition is called choroiditis. The ophthalmologist's goal in treating these potentially blinding conditions is to eliminate inflammation and minimize the potential risk of therapy for the patient.
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RETINAL DISPLACEMENT
Retinal detachment is a disorder of the eye in which the retina separates from the underlying layer. Symptoms include an increase in the number of floats, flashes of light and worsening of the external part of the visual field. This can be described as a curtain over part of the field of view. In about 7% of cases, both eyes are affected. Without treatment, permanent vision loss may occur.
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RETINOSCHYSIS
Retinoschisis is an eye disease characterized by the abnormal division of the sensorineural layers of the retina, usually in the outer plexiform layer. The most common forms are asymptomatic, some more rare forms result in loss of vision in the corresponding visual field.
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RETINOPATHY
Retinopathy is any damage to the retina of the eyes, which can cause visual impairment. Retinopathy usually refers to retinal vascular disease or damage to the retina caused by abnormal blood flow. Age-related macular degeneration is technically included under the term retinopathy, but is often discussed as a separate entity. Retinopathy, or retinal vascular disease, can be broadly categorized into proliferative and nonproliferative types. Often, retinopathy is an ocular manifestation of systemic disease, as occurs in diabetes or hypertension. Diabetes is the most common cause of retinopathy in the US as of 2008. Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in people of working age. It is responsible for about 5% of blindness worldwide and is designated as a priority eye disease by the World Health Organization.
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GLAUCOMA
Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that result in damage to the optic nerve and loss of vision. The most common type is open-angle glaucoma with less common types, including closed-angle glaucoma and normal-tension glaucoma. Open-angle glaucoma develops slowly over time and there is no pain. Peripheral vision may begin to decline, followed by central vision, resulting in blindness if left untreated. Closed-angle glaucoma may appear gradually or suddenly. The sudden presentation may involve severe eye pain, blurred vision, dilated pupil in half, redness of the eye and nausea. The loss of vision from glaucoma, once it occurs, is permanent.
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FLOATERS
Floats are deposits of various sizes, shapes, consistencies, refractive indices and motility within the vitreous humor of the eye, which is usually transparent. At a young age, the vitreous is transparent, but as we age, imperfections develop gradually. The common type of float, which is present in most people's eyes, is due to degenerative changes in the vitreous mood. The perception of floaters is known as myo-ospsia, or less commonly as miaoeopsia, myiodoopsia or myiodesopsia. They are also called Muscae volitados (in Latin: "flying flies"), or mouches volantes (from the French).
